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Authors
Sun, Yi
Chen, Hao
Zhu, Yidong
Li, Chenshu
Jiang, Hong
Jia, Yingnan
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 82304260)
China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No.2023M730626)
Shanghai Municipal Health Commission (Grant Numbers: GWV-10.2-YQ23)
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Article History
Received: 9 September 2025
Revised: 30 December 2025
Accepted: 9 January 2026
First Online: 27 January 2026
Declarations
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: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The study received formal approval from the Ethics Committee for Medical Research at the School of Public Health, Fudan University (IRB#2023-11-1088).Written consent was obtained from all parents prior to participants’ involvement in the study. All records underwent anonymization processes with participant identification maintained solely through unique coded identifiers. As a participation acknowledgement, children received art supply kits valued at $15 USD per set.
: Written informed consent for the use of their personal data has been obtained from the child’s parent or legal guardian.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
