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Authors
Tsuru, Tomohiro https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6913-0868
Inoue, Shota https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4854-4897
Edo, Hiromi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9602-2700
Suzuki, Shuichi
Imai, Kohsuke https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2132-8403
Nozaki, Taiki https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1922-4085
Shinmoto, Hiroshi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3474-2913
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Defense Medical College
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Article History
Received: 21 July 2025
Revised: 4 January 2026
Accepted: 13 January 2026
First Online: 29 January 2026
Declarations
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: This study adhered to the ethical guidelines outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the National Defense Medical College (Approval No. 5036). The requirement for written informed consent was waived because of the retrospective nature of this study, and patient records were anonymously analysed.
: The requirement for informed consent was waived by the institutional ethics committee owing to the retrospective design of this study and the use of anonymised patient data.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
