ten Barge, Judith A.
Meesters, Naomi J.
Benders, Manon
van Kaam, Anton H.
van Zelst, Bertrand D.
van Zanten, Henriette
van Ganzewinkel, Christ-jan
Tataranno, Maria Luisa
Schuerman, Frank A. B. A.
van den Akker, Chris H. P.
Raets, Marlou M. A.
de Boode, Willem P.
Dijk, Peter H.
Muller, Kirsten S.
Reiss, Irwin K. M.
van den Berg, Sjoerd A. A.
Simons, Sinno H. P.
van den Bosch, Gerbrich E.
Funding for this research was provided by:
Vriendenloterij
Article History
Received: 13 November 2025
Revised: 17 November 2025
Accepted: 18 January 2026
First Online: 11 February 2026
Declarations
:
: In accordance with the Dutch law on research involving humans, the medical ethical committee of the Erasmus MC waived the need for formal approval of this study due to the non-interventional nature of the study (MEC-2019–0574). The medical ethics committees of the other participating NICUs subsequently adhered to this decision.
: Written informed consent was obtained from parents.
: The authors declare no competing interests.