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Article History

Received: 29 November 2025

Revised: 15 January 2026

Accepted: 23 January 2026

First Online: 2 February 2026

Declarations

:

: This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of University of Tsukuba Hospital (R06-122).

: The requirement for informed consent was waived by the Ethics Committee of the University of Tsukuba Hospital because the study involved the retrospective analysis of existing de-identified data. Instead, an opt-out method was employed, and study information was disclosed on the hospital website to provide participants or their guardians the opportunity to decline inclusion.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.