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Article History

Received: 21 November 2025

Revised: 19 January 2026

Accepted: 23 January 2026

First Online: 30 January 2026

Declarations

:

: This retrospective cohort study involving human participants was in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The national commission of information and liberty (CNIL) approved this study (number 731/2020). Parents’ non-opposition to the use of neonatal data for research was collected upon admission to the department of neonatology.

: Not applicable.

: The authors declare no competing interests.