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Authors
Sica, Attilio
Puglisi, Benedetta
Pintar, Silja
Dalena, Paolo
Barbi, Egidio
Skabar, Aldo
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministry of Health, Rome - Italy and Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste – Italy
Ministry of Health, Rome - Italy and Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste – Italy
Università degli Studi di Trieste
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Article History
Received: 19 December 2025
Revised: 22 April 2026
Accepted: 24 April 2026
First Online: 4 May 2026
Declarations
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: Since this study used pre-existing, anonymized data, the Institutional Review Board deemed this study exempt. Ethical committee approval was not requested since General Authorization to Process Personal Data for Scientific Research Purposes (authorization no. 9/2014) declared that retrospective archive studies that use identification codes, preventing the data from being traced back directly to the data subject, do not need ethics approval [ ]. The Institutional Review Board has confirmed that no ethical approval is required by the Research Ethics Committee [ ].
: According to the research institute's policy, written informed consent was obtained from the parents of the patients.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
