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Article History

Received: 17 December 2025

Revised: 11 April 2026

Accepted: 6 May 2026

First Online: 12 May 2026

Declarations

:

: Approval was obtained from the University of Health Sciences İzmir Tepecik Training and Research Hospital Ethics Committee (2025/02-22). Informed consent was waived due to the retrospective nature of the study and the use of anonymized data without participants' identifying information in the analysis. All methods were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards set forth in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its subsequent amendments.

: In the course of composing the article, the DeepL Translator & Write (DeepL SE, Cologne, Germany, ), Gemini 3.0 (Google DeepMind, Alphabet Inc., Googleplex, Mountain View, California, US, ) and PoolText (PoolText Inc. Cambridge, US, ) were employed for the purposes of translation, spelling, grammar, and reference accuracy. In the final stage of the literature review, Elicit (Elicit Research, PBC Covina, United States, ), SciSpace (PubGenius Inc., California, United States, ), and Perplexity (Perplexity AI, Inc., San Francisco, California, United States, ) platforms were utilized to ensure comprehensive coverage and avoid the omission of relevant articles. After using these AI tools and services, the authors reviewed and edited the content as needed and took full responsibility for the content of the publication.

: The authors declare no competing interests.