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Article History

Received: 20 April 2026

Revised: 29 May 2026

Accepted: 1 June 2026

First Online: 15 June 2026

Declarations

Ethical Approval: Ethical approval for this study was obtained from Yıldız Technical University (Social and Human Sciences Ethics Committee). All procedures performed in this study involving human participants were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and with the Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments. The study complied with internationally accepted principles of voluntary participation, confidentiality, and the protection of participants’ rights.

Informed Consent: Before data collection, all participants were provided with detailed information about the purpose, scope, and procedures of the study through the online form. Participants were explicitly informed that their participation was entirely voluntary, that they could withdraw from the study at any time without any consequences, and that their responses would be used solely for scientific research purposes. Informed consent was obtained electronically through participants’ completion and submission of the form.

Statement Regarding Research Involving Human Participants and/or Animals: This study involved only human participants (adult parents). No animal subjects were included. All procedures adhered to ethical guidelines for research involving human participants, including respect for autonomy, confidentiality, and data protection.

Consent to Participate: Informed consent to participate in the study was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

Consent to Publish: Participants provided consent for the anonymized use of their data for academic publication purposes. No personally identifiable information was collected or reported in the study.

Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interests.