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Article History

Received: 7 July 2022

Accepted: 8 August 2022

First Online: 17 August 2022

Declarations

:

: Dr. D-W Kim’s Institution (Seoul National University Hospital) received grants from Alpha Biopharma, Amgen, Astrazeneca/Medimmune, Boehringer-Ingelheim, BMS, Bridge BioTherapeutics, Chong Keun Dang, Daiichi-Sankyo, GSK, Hanmi, InnoN, Janssen, Merck, Merus, Mirati Therapeutics, MSD, Novartis, ONO Pharmaceutical, Pfizer, Roche/Genentech, Takeda, TP Therapeutics, Xcovery, and Yuhan. In addition, Dr. D-W Kim received travel support for advisory board meeting attendance from Amgen and Daiichi-Sankyo. All these COIs are outside of the submitted work. Dr. B Lindmark is an employee of Galecto, Inc. Dr. TM Kim’s institution received clinical trial budgets from AstraZeneca/MedImmune, Bayer, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Boryung, Genmab, Hanmi, Janssen, Merck Serono, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp, Novartis, REGENERON, Roche/Genentech, Sanofi, and Takeda. Dr. TM Kim received advisory or consulting fees from AstraZeneca, Hanmi, Janssen, Novartis, Roche/Genentech, and Takeda. In addition, Dr. TM Kim received research grant from AstraZeneca-KHIDI outside this work. Dr. M Kim received advisory or consulting fees from Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp, Ipsen, Bristol-Myers Squibb/Ono Pharmaceutical, Eisai, and Yuhan. No conflicts of interest are disclosed by the other authors.

: The study was conducted in accordance with the Principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the SNUH (IRB No. H-2006-146-1134).

: Informed consent for secondary analysis was obtained from all the individual participants included in the study before participation.

: The consent to publish is not applicable as the manuscript does not contain any identifiable information.