Wei, Xi
Qin, Rong
Yin, Liang
Iqbal, Muhammad Asad
Shaibu, Zakari
Li, Guorui
Wu, Ting
Funding for this research was provided by:
Jiangsu Province Maternal and Child Health Research Project (F202322)
Project of Zhenjiang City Social Development (SH2023046, SH2024091)
Clinical Research Project of the Jiangsu University Affiliated People’s Hospital (Y2022019, JC-2023-004)
Medical Education Collaborative Innovation Fund of Jiangsu University (JDYY2023017)
Article History
Received: 21 March 2025
Accepted: 7 May 2025
First Online: 20 May 2025
Declarations
:
: The study was conducted in accordance with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Jiangsu University Affiliated People’s Hospital (K-20210038-W). The IRB granted a waiver of informed consent, as the study involved the use of anonymized data and posed minimal risk to participants.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.