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Article History

Received: 13 April 2025

Accepted: 19 August 2025

First Online: 29 August 2025

Declarations

:

: Stefano Cavalieri: Financial Interests, Personal, Invited Speaker: Accademia Nazionale di Medicina; Financial Interests, Personal, Other, Travel expenses for invited speech at congress: MultiMed Engineers srl; Financial Interests, Personal, Other, Travel expenses for invited lecture at conference: Care Insight sas; Financial Interests, Institutional, Invited Speaker, PI of the BD4QoL randomized clinical trial (NCT05315570) conducted within the BD4QoL project, funded from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 875192: European Union; Non-Financial Interests, Personal, Member: AIOM, EORTC, AIOCC. Lisa Licitra: Financial Interests, Personal, Advisory Board, for expert opinion in advisory boards: AstraZeneca, Bayer, BMS, Eisai, MSD, Boehringer Ingelheim, Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Novartis, Roche, Debiopharm International SA, Sobi, Incyte Biosciences Italy srl, Doxa Pharma srl, Amgen, Nanobiotics, GSK, Alentis; Financial Interests, Institutional, Research Grant, Funds received by my institution for clinical studies and research activities in which I am involved: AstraZeneca, BMS, Boehringer Ingelheim, Celgene International, Eisai, Exelixis, Debiopharm International SA, Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., IRX Therapeutics, Medpace, Merck-Serono, Merck Healthcare KGaA, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, Adlai Nortye; Financial Interests, Institutional, Invited Speaker, Funds received by my institution for clinical studies and research activities in which I am involved: Alentis; Non-Financial Interests, Personal, Member: AIOM, ASCO, ESTRO, EORTC; Non-Financial Interests, Personal, Leadership Role: AIOCC. All other authors have declared no conflicts of interest. Giacomo Massa: 2023 LEO Pharma travel grant. 2024 Merck editorial fees Augusto Caraceni: A.C. has received honoraria from Pierre Fabre, Sandoz, Italfarmaco, Molteni, and Ipsen Spa institutional grant. The sponsors had no role in the interpretation or writing of the study. All other authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

: This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of National Cancer of Milan (INT 85/23).