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Authors
Liu, Wuguang
Xu, Bin
Wang, Tong
Liu, Xiaolong
Dong, Chengyong
Wang, Liming
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Dalian Medical Science Research Program (2312016)
Liaoning Province talent plan project (YXMJ-JC-04)
Innovative Teams Project in Key Areas of Dalian (2021RT01)
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Article History
Received: 23 May 2025
Accepted: 29 August 2025
First Online: 13 September 2025
Declarations
:
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All human tissue specimens were collected with written informed consent from participants in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The studies involving human participants were reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of The Second hospital of Dalian Medical University. All animal experiments were conducted in compliance with the ARRIVE guidelines and approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) of Wuhan Servicebio Technology Co., Ltd. Tumor burden was strictly monitored and did not exceed 1.5 cm in diameter at any time. For anesthesia, mice received intraperitoneal injections of ketamine/xylazine (100/10 mg/kg). Humane endpoints were applied, and euthanasia was performed via CO₂ asphyxiation, consistent with the AVMA Guidelines for the Euthanasia of Animals (2020).
: For the use of human tissues, all patients provided explicit consent for participation of anonymized data derived from their specimens.
