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Authors
Duan, Peichen
Yu, Le
Hao, Yichang
Deng, Shaohui
Hong, Peng
Lu, Min
Zhang, Shudong
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
CSCO Clinical Oncology Research Foundation of Beijing (Y-tongshu2021/ms-0072)
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Article History
Received: 25 July 2025
Accepted: 3 September 2025
First Online: 7 October 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All patients have been given informed consent and that the study protocol was approved by the institute’s committee on human research. This study protocol was reviewed and approved by Peking University Third Hospital Medical Science Research Ethics Committee (M2023800). This study protocol was performed in accordance with the ethical standards laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments.
: Human research participants have provided informed consent for publication of the images in Figs. and .
