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Authors
Sperber, Laurenz
von Brandenstein, Melanie
Kessler, Carolina
Heidenreich, Julian
Storz, Enno
Pfister, David
Paffenholz, Pia
Tolkach, Yuri
Bernhardt, Marit
Wirtz, Ralph
Eckstein, Markus
Heidenreich, Axel
Weiten, Richard https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7216-1033
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universitätsklinikum Köln
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Article History
Received: 6 August 2025
Accepted: 10 September 2025
First Online: 7 October 2025
Declarations
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: ME: Personal fees, travel costs, and speaker’s honoraria from MSD, AstraZeneca, Janssen-Cilag, Cepheid, Roche, Astellas, Diaceutics; research funding from AstraZeneca, Janssen-Cilag, STRATIFYER, Cepheid, Roche, Gilead; advisory roles for Diaceutics, MSD, AstraZeneca, Janssen-Cilag, GenomicHealth. All other authors declare no conflict of interest.
: The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Medical Faculty of the University of Cologne (approval number: 23-1178) and conducted in accordance with the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki.
: All patients provided written informed consent.
: During the preparation of this work, the authors used ChatGPT (OpenAI) to improve the readability and language of the manuscript. After using this tool, they reviewed and edited the content as needed and assume full responsibility for the publication's content.
