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Article History

Received: 1 October 2025

Accepted: 18 November 2025

First Online: 17 December 2025

Declarations

:

: N.A. received honoraria for lectures and participation in advisory boards: Gilead, Georg Thieme Verlag. N.A. also received support for attending meetings from AstraZeneca, Novartis, Pfizer; M.H. received research support from Helsinn Healthcare SA, honoraria from Lilly Deutschland GmbH, Thieme and travel support from Novartis, Lilly Deutschland GmbH, and AstraZeneca. H.S. no conflicts of interests. L.B. received support for attending meetings from AstraZeneca; J.G. no conflicts of interests. S.N. no conflicts of interests. C.M. received honoraria for research from Novartis. F.H. no conflicts of interests. C.C.H. J.G. no conflicts of interests. P.A.F received personal fees from Novartis, Pfizer, Daiichi-Sankyo, Astra Zeneca, Eisai, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Lilly, SeaGen, Roche, Agendia, Gilead, Mylan, Menarini, Veracyte, GuardantHealth, and grants from Biontech, Pfizer, Cepheid, during the conduct of the study; and Translational Research in Oncology (TRIO). M.W.B. no conflicts of interests. AK received lecture fees from Gilead and Novartis, honoria for written scientific work from Georg Thieme Verlag as well as support for attending meetings from Lilly

: This study was approved by the ethics committee of the Faculty of Medicine at Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) (ref. number 24-440-Br). All procedures were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Supplemental agreement to the study was waived due to the retrospective study design including only anonymized data analysis. There was no use of animal research within this project.