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Article History

Received: 9 May 2026

Accepted: 12 June 2026

First Online: 23 July 2026

Declarations

Conflict of interest: The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: Nikolas Tauber reports a relationship with Novartis that includes: board membership, consulting or advisory, funding grants, speaking and lecture fees, and travel reimbursement. Nikolas Tauber reports a relationship with Pfizer that includes: funding grants, speaking and lecture fees. Nikolas Tauber reports a relationship with Astra Zeneca that includes: travel reimbursement, consulting or advisory, speaking and lecture fees. Nikolas Tauber reports a relationship with ExactSciences that includes: speaking and lecture fees. Nikolas Tauber reports a relationship with Daiichi Sankyo that includes: non-financial support and travel reimbursement. Nikolas Tauber reports a relationship with Stemline that includes: travel reimbursement, speaking and lecture fees. Nikolas Tauber reports a relationship with Georg Thieme Verlag KG that includes: board membership and non-financial support. Nikolas Tauber reports a relationship with if-kongress that includes: speaking and lecture fees and travel reimbursement. Nikolas Tauber reports a relationship with Deltamed that includes: speaking and lecture fees. Achim Rody reports a relationship with Roche that includes: speaking and lecture fees. Achim Rody reports a relationship with Pfizer that includes: speaking and lecture fees and travel reimbursement. Achim Rody reports a relationship with Novartis that includes: speaking and lecture fees. Achim Rody reports a relationship with Celgene SL that includes: speaking and lecture fees. Achim Rody reports a relationship with ExactSciences that includes: speaking and lecture fees. Achim Rody reports a relationship with Pierre Fabre SA that includes: speaking and lecture fees. Achim Rody reports a relationship with Eli Lilly and Company that includes: speaking and lecture fees. Achim Rody reports a relationship with Seagen that includes: speaking and lecture fees. Achim Rody reports a relationship with Astra Zeneca that includes: speaking and lecture fees. Achim Rody reports a relationship with Eisai that includes: speaking and lecture fees. Achim Rody reports a relationship with MSD that includes: speaking and lecture fees. Achim Rody reports a relationship with Hexal that includes: speaking and lecture fees. Achim Rody reports a relationship with Amgen that includes: speaking and lecture fees. Maggie Banys-Paluchowski reports a relationship with Roche that includes: speaking and lecture fees and travel reimbursement. Maggie Banys-Paluchowski reports a relationship with Novartis that includes: speaking and lecture fees. Maggie Banys-Paluchowski reports a relationship with Pfizer that includes: speaking and lecture fees. Maggie Banys-Paluchowski reports a relationship with pfm that includes: speaking and lecture fees. Maggie Banys-Paluchowski reports a relationship with Eli Lilly and Company that includes: speaking and lecture fees and travel reimbursement. Maggie Banys-Paluchowski reports a relationship with Onkowissen that includes: speaking and lecture fees. Maggie Banys-Paluchowski reports a relationship with Seagen that includes: speaking and lecture fees. Maggie Banys-Paluchowski reports a relationship with Astra Zeneca that includes: speaking and lecture fees. Maggie Banys-Paluchowski reports a relationship with Amgen that includes: speaking and lecture fees. Maggie Banys-Paluchowski reports a relationship with Samsung that includes: speaking and lecture fees. Maggie Banys-Paluchowski reports a relationship with Canon that includes: speaking and lecture fees. Maggie Banys-Paluchowski reports a relationship with MSD that includes: speaking and lecture fees. Maggie Banys-Paluchowski reports a relationship with GSK that includes: speaking and lecture fees. Maggie Banys-Paluchowski reports a relationship with Daichii Sankyo that includes: speaking and lecture fees and travel reimbursement. Maggie Banys-Paluchowski reports a relationship with Gilead that includes: funding grants and speaking and lecture fees. Maggie Banys-Paluchowski reports a relationship with Sirius Medical that includes: funding grants and speaking and lecture fees. Maggie Banys-Paluchowski reports a relationship with Syantra that includes: speaking and lecture fees. Maggie Banys-Paluchowski reports a relationship with resitu that includes: speaking and lecture fees. Maggie Banys-Paluchowski reports a relationship with Pierre Fabre that includes: speaking and lecture fees and travel reimbursement. Maggie Banys-Paluchowski reports a relationship with ExactSciences that includes: funding grants, speaking and lecture fees, and travel reimbursement. Maggie Banys-Paluchowski reports a relationship with Dampf Stiftung that includes: funding grants. Maggie Banys-Paluchowski reports a relationship with AWOgyn that includes: funding grants. Maggie Banys-Paluchowski reports a relationship with AGO-B that includes: funding grants. Claudia von Schilling reports a relationship with Claudia von Schilling Breast Cancer Research Foundation that includes: funding grants. Maggie Banys-Paluchowski reports a relationship with Ehmann Stiftung that includes: funding grants. Maggie Banys-Paluchowski reports a relationship with EndoMag that includes: funding grants. Maggie Banys-Paluchowski reports a relationship with Mammotome that includes: funding grants. Maggie Banys-Paluchowski reports a relationship with MeritMedical that includes: funding grants. Maggie Banys-Paluchowski reports a relationship with Hologic that includes: funding grants. Maggie Banys-Paluchowski is Associate Editor of Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics and the European Journal of Surgical Oncology. Melissa Neubacher reports a relationship with Mammotome that includes: travelling grant. Niklas Amann reports a relationship with Gilead that includes: speaking and lecture fees. Niklas Amann reports a relationship with Georg Thieme Verlag KG that includes: board membership and non-financial support. Niklas Amann reports a relationship with Astra Zeneca that includes: travel reimbursement. Niklas Amann reports a relationship with Novartis that includes: travel reimbursement. Niklas Amann reports a relationship with Pfizer that includes: travel reimbursement. Franziska Fick reports a relationship with Novartis that includes: speaking and lecture fees and travel reimbursement. Franziska Fick reports a relationship with Astra Zeneca that includes: travel reimbursement. Irene Esposito reports a relationship with Amgen that includes: speaking and lecture fees. Irene Esposito reports a relationship with Falk that includes: speaking and lecture fees. Irene Esposito reports a relationship with BMS that includes: speaking and lecture fees. Maximilian Seidl reports a relationship with Recordati Rare Diseases that includes: speaking and lecture fees and travel reimbursement. Kerstin Muras reports a relationship with Pfizer that includes: speaking and lecture fees and travel reimbursement. Kerstin Muras reports a relationship with Astra Zeneca that includes speaking and lecture fees and travel reimbursement. Kerstin Muras reports relationships with Celgene that includes speaking and lecture fees. Kerstin Muras reports a relationship with Dampf Stiftung that includes: funding grants. Kerstin Muras reports relationships with BioNTech that includes travel reimbursement.Fabian Kohls reports a relationship with Pfizer that includes: speaking and lecture fees. Fabian Kohls reports a relationship with Lilly that includes: speaking and lecture fees. Fabian Kohls reports a relationship with AstraZeneca that includes: speaking and lecture fees.Other authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Ethical approval: This analysis was carried out in accordance with the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Ethical Committee of the University of Lübeck (file number: 2024 − 440; date of approval 23.08.2024) and University of Düsseldorf (file number: 2024–2795; date of approval: 22.04.2024).

Consent to participate: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.