Penagos-Tabares, Felipe http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4698-4741
Lange, Malin K.
Seipp, Anika
Gärtner, Ulrich
Mejer, Helena
Taubert, Anja
Hermosilla, Carlos
Funding for this research was provided by:
Bayer Animal Health Care
Ewald and Hilde Berge foundation
Article History
Received: 4 November 2017
Accepted: 6 February 2018
First Online: 13 February 2018
Compliance with ethical standards
: The study published does not involve living vertebrates or invertebrates of the classes Cephalopoda or Decapoda. Nevertheless, gastropods involved were treated humanely avoiding unnecessary pain, distress, suffering or lasting harm. All applicable international, national (German Animal Welfare of 25.05.1998—BGBL I S.1105—section 5 paragraph 8a) and/or institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals/invertebrates were followed. The isolation of A. vasorum L1 from faeces of experimentally infected red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) were kindly provided by the Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark, Danish experimental animal license no. 2010/561-1914.
: According to the German Animal Welfare Act (Tierschutzgesetz of 25.05.1998—BGBL I S.1105—section 5 paragraph 8a), ethics approval research with invertebrates is only required for experiments where animals of the classes Cephalopoda and Decapoda are used.
: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could bear a potential conflict of interest.