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Authors
Assefa, Ayalew
Tibebu, Abebe
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Amhara Regional Agricultural Research Institute
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Article History
Received: 17 September 2025
Accepted: 11 December 2025
First Online: 6 January 2026
Declarations
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: The experiments strictly complied with the ARRIVE guidelines and were carried out in accordance with the U.K. Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act, 1986. Ticks were carefully removed from animals using forceps to minimize harm, and the sites of attachment were treated with a disinfectant.
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
