Yumul, Kim https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9297-7702
Smit, Nico J. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7950-193X
Hadfield, Kerry A. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1308-6360
Shodipo, Mary O. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1920-2580
Sikkel, Paul C. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2652-7498
Erasmus, Anja https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8505-8583
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Research Foundation (NRF) of South Africa (CPRR240430216732)
National Science Foundation (NSF OCE-1536794 DEB 2231250)
NWU Postdoctoral Programme
Article History
Received: 27 August 2025
Accepted: 12 December 2025
First Online: 31 January 2026
Declarations
:
: Collection of samples was permitted by the Department of Agriculture-Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (0154-18 DA-BFAR) in accordance with Philippine laws and regulations (RA 9147; FAO 233), and all methods and protocols were performed as approved by the University of Miami animal ethics committee (23-004 LF). Preserved specimens were shipped to North-West University (NWU) as a donation for further identification, where all methods and protocols were performed as approved by the NWU AnimCare ethics committee (NWU-00784-24-A5).
: The authors declare no competing interests.