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Authors
Rodpai, Rutchanee
Boonroumkaew, Patcharaporn
Sadaow, Lakkhana
Laymanivong, Sakhone
Sanpool, Oranuch
Tantrawatpan, Chairat
Saijuntha, Weerachai
Thanchomnang, Tongjit
Banouvong, Vilasack
Intapan, Pewpan M.
Maleewong, Wanchai https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6726-3759
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Research Council of Thailand (NRCT): High-Potential Research Team Grant Program (N42A670561)
Office of the Ministry of Higher Education, Science, Research, and Innovation under the Reinventing University 2026 Visiting Professor Program through Khon Kaen University
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Article History
Received: 30 January 2026
Accepted: 13 May 2026
First Online: 25 May 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent to participate: The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee for Human Research, Khon Kaen University, Thailand, (permit HE664044, approved November 30, 2023) and by the National Ethics Committee for Health Research, Ministry of Health, Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Human Ethics number: 95/NECHR). All procedures complied with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from all adult participants prior to enrollment after detailed explanation of the study objectives, procedures, potential risks, and benefits. Participation was voluntary, and personal identifiers were removed to ensure confidentiality.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
