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Authors
Appiah-Twum, Francis
Okyere, Lydia
Sumboh, Jeffrey Gabriel
Osabutey, Dickson
Yusif, Rahmat
Ashong, Yvonne
Wilson, Michael
Akorli, Jewelna
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
NIH/ NIAID (U19AI129916)
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Article History
Received: 18 January 2026
Accepted: 27 June 2026
First Online: 3 July 2026
Declarations
Ethics approval and consent participate: This study received Institutional Review Board (IRB) approvals from the following: Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research (ID. #: 100/16–17), NIAID DMID Protocol approval (# 17–0061), and Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (RPN 008/CSIR-IRB/2017). Written informed consent was obtained from all study participants. Children aged 3–17 years were enrolled in the study only following written informed consent from their parents or legal guardians.
Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Clinical Trial Number: Not applicable.
