Cunningham, Stephanie A. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4470-3299
Schafer, Toryn L. J. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5594-7697
Wikle, Christopher K.
VonBank, Jay A. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4319-4998
Ballard, Bart M. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1455-507X
Cao, Lei
Bearhop, Stuart
Fox, Anthony D. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8083-7633
Hilton, Geoff M. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9062-3030
Walsh, Alyn J.
Griffin, Larry R. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4472-9883
Weegman, Mitch D. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1633-0920
Funding for this research was provided by:
Texas Parks and Wildlife Department
Institute for Wetland and Waterfowl Research, Ducks Unlimited Canada (Edward D., Sally M. Futch Graduate Fellowship)
Love Foundation
University of Missouri
Chinese Academy of Sciences
The International Wild Waterfowl Association
American Pheasant and Waterfowl Society
Wildfowl & Wetlands Trust
Article History
Received: 4 May 2022
Accepted: 1 December 2022
First Online: 28 December 2022
Declarations
:
: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.
: Captures and handling of wild geese were permitted through the US Geological Survey (USGS Banding Permit #21314), Icelandic Institute of Natural History, and British Trust for Ornithology. The Texas A&M University-Kingsville Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee approved the capture and handling of wild geese (Approval #2015–09-01B) and use of captive-bred geese (Approval #2018-01-11).
: Not applicable.