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Authors
Messmer, David J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6058-0006
Slattery, Stuart
Drever, Mark C.
Derksen, Chris
Clark, Robert G.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Environment and Climate Change Canada
Institute for Wetland and Waterfowl Research, Ducks Unlimited Canada
University of Saskatchewan
Environment & Climate Change Canada
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Article History
Received: 24 July 2025
Accepted: 8 January 2026
First Online: 4 February 2026
Declarations
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: The authors have no conflicts of interest or competing interests to declare.
: Ethics approval was not required for this observational study, as data collection involved no handling or disturbance of animals.
: Not applicable.
: Not applicable.
