Document is current

Article History

Received: 6 January 2025

Accepted: 27 August 2025

First Online: 9 September 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

: All procedures performed in this study followed the institutional and national research committees’ ethical standards, the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki, and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

: All participants provided written informed consent to participate in this study. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Institutional Review Board of Cheongju University (1041107-202306-HR-024-01).

: The funding source was not involved in the study design, collection, analysis, and interpretation of the data, writing of the report, or decision to submit the article for publication.