Article History
Received: 22 February 2018
Accepted: 17 December 2018
First Online: 2 January 2019
Compliance with ethical standards
:
: The current cadaveric model study was conducted at research laboratory of Intuitive Surgical Inc. at Sunnyvale, California, United States. Philip Chiu and Simon Ng received traveling sponsorship from Intuitive Surgical Inc. Samuel Au served as former systems analyst for Intuitive Surgical, Inc and led the algorithm development of <i>da Vinci</i>® Single-Site™ platform and was a contributor on the <i>da Vinci</i>® <i>SP</i>™ Surgical System platform.