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Authors
Sawchuk, Taylor
Verhoeff, Kevin https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3110-5238
Jogiat, Uzair
Mocanu, Valentin
Shapiro, A. M. James
Anderson, Blaire
Dajani, Khaled
Bigam, David L.
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Article History
Received: 23 February 2024
Accepted: 30 June 2024
First Online: 15 July 2024
Declarations
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: American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program and the hospitals participating in the ACS NSQIP are the source of the data used herein; they have not verified and are not responsible for the statistical validity of the data analysis or the conclusions derived by the authors.
: This study was exempt from ethics review.
