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Article History

Received: 23 August 2024

Accepted: 23 November 2024

First Online: 28 December 2024

Declarations

:

: This clinical practice guideline has been developed under the auspice of the European Association for Endoscopic Surgery (EAES). It is intended to be used primarily by health professionals (e.g., surgeons, anesthetists, physicians) and to assist in making informed clinical decisions on diagnostic measures and therapeutic management. It is also intended to inform individual practice of allied health professionals (e.g., surgical nurses, dieticians, physical rehabilitation therapists, psychologists); to inform strategic planning and resource management by health care authorities (e.g., regional and national authorities, health care institutions, hospital administration authorities); and to inform patients wishing to obtain an overview of the condition of interest and its management. The use of recommendations contained herein must be informed by supporting evidence accompanying each recommendation and by research evidence that might not have been published by the time of writing the present document. Users must thus base their actions informed by newly published evidence at any given point in time. The information in the guideline should not be relied upon as being complete or accurate, nor should it be considered as inclusive of all proper treatments or methods of care or as a statement of the standard of care. With the rapid development of scientific knowledge, new evidence may emerge between the time the guideline is developed and when it is published or read. The guideline is not continually updated and may not reflect the most recent evidence. The guideline addresses only the topics specifically identified therein and is not applicable to other interventions, diseases, or stages of diseases. This guideline does not mandate any particular course of medical care. Further, the guideline is not intended to substitute the independent professional judgment of the treating provider, as the guideline does not necessarily account for individual variation among patients. Even if evidence on a topic suggests a specific diagnostic and/or treatment action, users and especially health professionals may need to decide against the suggested or recommended action in view of circumstances related to patient values, preferences, co-morbidities and disease characteristics; available human, financial and material resources; and healthcare infrastructures. EAES provides this guideline on an “as is” basis, and makes no warranty, express or implied, regarding the guideline.

: Stavros A. Antoniou, Bright Huo, Monica Ortenzi, Roi Anteby, Yegor Tryliskyy, Francesco Maria Carrano, Georgios Seitidis, Dimitris Mavridis, Vincent T. Hoek, Alberto Serventi, Willem A. Bemelman, Gian Andrea Binda, Rafael Duran, Triantafyllos Doulias, Nauzer Forbes, Nader K. Francis, Fabian Grass, Jesper Jensen, Marianne Krogsgaard, Lisa H. Massey, Luca Morelli, Christian E. Oberkofler, Dorin E. Popa, Johannes Kurt Schultz, Shahnaz Sultan, Jean-Jacques Tuech, and Hendrik Jaap Bonjer declare no direct conflicts of interest related to this work. Indirect conflicts of external advisors were documented and managed as per Guidelines International Network Standards. Detailed conflict of interest statements of all contributors can be found in the online appendix []. A patient version of this guideline is available in Supplementary File 2.

: Not applicable.

: Not applicable.