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Article History

Received: 6 March 2025

Accepted: 2 August 2025

First Online: 18 August 2025

Declarations

:

: Yong Sun, Yalei Li, and Enhong Zhao have no conflicts of interest or financial ties to disclose.

: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki (as revised in 2013). The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University (CYFYLL2023544) and informed consent was taken from all the patients.

: Not applicable.