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Authors
Gadalla, Edward Atef Youssef https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7119-8045
el Serafy, Mohamed Ezzat
El din abd El Monaem, Ayman Hossam
El Sayed, Enaam Ali
Abdalla, Ashraf Kamal Mohamad
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ain Shams University
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Article History
Received: 29 June 2025
Accepted: 13 August 2025
First Online: 26 August 2025
Disclosures
: Dr. Edward Atef Youssef Gadalla, Prof. Mohamed Ezzat El Serafy, Dr. Ayman Hossam El Din Abd El Monaem, Dr. Enaam Ali El Sayed, and Prof. Ashraf Kamal Mohammad Abdella have no conflicts of interest or financial ties to disclose.
: Approved by the Ain Shams Faculty of Medicine Research Ethics Committee (FMASUSURG2122022).
: Written informed consent obtained from all participants.
