Article History
Received: 30 April 2025
Accepted: 24 August 2025
First Online: 11 September 2025
Declarations
:
: Wei Wang, Shaowen Zhang, Ping Dong, and Zhangfan Mao have no conflict of interest to disclose.
: This study was approved by the Ethical Committee of Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University (2023-1-X-67) and was performed in accordance with the ethical standards of the World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki.
: The requirement for individual informed consent for the study was waived owing to the retrospective design; all patients provided informed consent for their clinical procedures, and data were anonymized prior to analysis.