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Authors
Jiang, Fengru
Wang, Minggang
Zhu, Yilin
Wang, Fan
Liu, Yuchen
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Capital’s Funds for Health Improvement and Research (2024-2-2038)
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Article History
Received: 26 June 2025
Accepted: 1 September 2025
First Online: 13 September 2025
Declarations
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: Fengru Jiang, Minggang Wang, Yilin Zhu, Fan Wang and Yuchen Liu have no conflicts of interest or financial ties to disclose.
: This retrospective study was approved by the Affiliated Beijing Chaoyang Hospital of Capital Medical University. Since the study involved anonymized patient data extracted from medical records without any direct patient interaction or additional interventions, individual patient consent was waived.
