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Article History

Received: 4 June 2025

Accepted: 23 September 2025

First Online: 13 October 2025

Declarations

:

: All authors (Gui–Gui Yu; Ying Wang; Xin–Xin Jiang; Li–Li Chen; Lin–Fei Xu) declare no conflicts of interest or financial relationships to disclose.

: All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional review board of Zhejiang Hospital at which the studies were conducted (IRB approval number: 2024 Clinical Review No.(116 K)) and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

: As data were retrospectively collected and derived from routine clinical practice, further consents were waived.