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Authors
Yen, Hung-Hsuan
Ho, Ming-Chih
Yang, Meng-Han
Hsiao, Yi-Hsiang
Huang, Hsiang-Wei
Huang, Jia-Yuan
Huang, Chun-Chieh
Blue, Jakey
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Article History
Received: 3 September 2025
Accepted: 8 October 2025
First Online: 21 October 2025
Disclosures
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: Hung-Hsuan Yen, Ming-Chih Ho, Meng-Han Yang, Yi-Hsiang Hsiao, Hsiang-Wei Huang, Jia-Yuan Huang, Chun-Chieh Huang, and Jakey Blue have no conflicts of interest or financial ties to disclose.
: This study used publicly available, de-identified surgical video data from the Cholec80 dataset, originally collected and released by the CAMMA research group at the University of Strasbourg. The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board of National Taiwan University Hospital (NTUH-REC 202405016RIND) and conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. As the dataset contains only anonymized information, no additional participant recruitment or direct informed consent was required for this secondary analysis. The original dataset was collected in compliance with relevant ethical guidelines, and informed consent was obtained from all participants by the original investigators.
