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Authors
Martucci, Jordan https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3971-750X
Williams, Brian
Swinford, Aubrey
Gupta, Abhinav
Peters, Alexis
Lim, Anthony
Broccard, Sacha
Cologne, Kyle G.
Shin, Joongho
Lee, Sang W.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
University of Southern California
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Article History
Received: 20 May 2025
Accepted: 12 December 2025
First Online: 29 December 2025
Declarations
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: Jordan Martucci, Brian Williams, Aubrey Swinford, Alexis Peters, Anthony Lim, Abhinav Gupta, Sacha Broccard, Kyle G. Cologne, and Joongho Shin have no conflicts of interest or financial ties to disclose. Sang W. Lee reports receiving a research grant from FUJIFILM for data collection, serves as a Consultant for Noah Medical, and holds a patent with Guard Medical.
: All procedures performed in the study involving human subjects were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional review board at the University of Southern California, which granted a waiver of consent.
