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Authors
Du, Anran
An, Lei
Wang, Jiayi
Li, Xiaopei
Zhao, Ning
Ge, Zhicheng
Ding, Guoqian https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0853-0554
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82374191)
Beijing Municipal Organization Department (PZ2023002)
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Article History
Received: 6 October 2025
Accepted: 7 January 2026
First Online: 2 February 2026
Declarations
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: Anran Du, Lei An, Jiayi Wang, Xiaopei Li, Ning Zhao, Zhicheng Ge, and Guoqian Ding declare that they have no conflicts of interest or any financial ties to disclose.
: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University (Approval No. BFH20250121001). All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committees and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments.
: The requirement for informed consent was waived by the Ethics Committee of Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, because of the retrospective nature of the study.
