Akuta, Sohei https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2002-0845
Hirano, Yasumitsu
Ishiyama, Yasuhiro
Minagawa, Yume
Nishi, Yusuke
Hayashi, Hisashi
Nakanishi, Akihito
Fujii, Takatsugu
Sugita, Hirofumi
Hiranuma, Chikashi
Kinugasa, Yusuke
Funding for this research was provided by:
Saitama Medical University
Article History
Received: 30 October 2025
Accepted: 24 February 2026
First Online: 10 March 2026
Declarations
:
: Yasumitsu Hirano and Yusuke Kinugasa received speaker honoraria from Intuitive Surgical, Inc. Sohei Akuta, Yasuhiro Ishiyama, Yume Minagawa, Yusuke Nishi, Hisashi Hayashi, Akihito Nakanishi, Takatsugu Fujii, Hirofumi Sugita, and Chikashi Hiranuma declare no conflicts of interest.
: This study was approved by the Clinical Research Review Committee of Saitama Medical School International Medical Center (Approval No. 2025–160).
: Informed consent was waived because of the retrospective design and opt-out option provided.
: Consent for publication was waived as only anonymized data were used.