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Article History

Received: 15 December 2025

Accepted: 24 February 2026

First Online: 5 March 2026

Declarations

:

: Shengjie Pan, Gang Wang have no conflicts of interest or financial ties to disclose. All authors reviewed and approved the final version of the manuscript.

: The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Helsinki Declaration. The protocol was reviewed and approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University (approval no. SUDA20200117H02). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants or their legal guardians.

: All participants provided written informed consent for participation. Consent for publication of anonymized data was included in the study consent process.

: No generative artificial intelligence tools were used in the preparation of this manuscript.