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Authors
Cats, M. https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0585-2743
Magermans, L. G.
van Geloven, A. A. W.
van Santvoort, H. C.
Wassenaar, E. C. E.
Plate, J. D. J.
Boerma, D.
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Article History
Received: 29 December 2025
Accepted: 28 February 2026
First Online: 8 April 2026
Declarations
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: M. (Martijn) Cats, L.G (Lisa) Magermans, Dr. A.A.W. (Nanette) van Geloven, Prof. H.C. (Hjalmar) van Santvoort, E.C.E. (Emma) Wassenaar, Dr. J.D.J. (Joost) Plate, and Dr. D. (Djamila) Boerma have no conflicts of interest or financial ties to disclose. The corresponding author confirms that all authors were individually queried regarding potential conflicts of interest and completed the required disclosure forms.
: The study protocol was approved by the Dutch Ethical Committee for Clinical Trials (METC) and subsequently by the research and ethical committees of both participating hospitals. The committee determined that informed consent was not required. This observational diagnostic study was not prospectively registered. A prespecified study protocol was published previously.
: Informed consent was not deemed necessary for this study. Large language models were used for language editing and stylistic refinement only. All analyses, interpretations, and conclusions were performed by the authors.
