Document is current

Article History

Received: 24 January 2026

Accepted: 16 June 2026

First Online: 9 July 2026

Declarations

:

: Drs. Masahiro Shiihara, Mitsugi Shimoda, Mitsuru Watanabe, Ryoichi Miyamoto, Jiro Shimazaki, and Shuji Suzuki have no conflicts of interest or financial ties to disclose.

: This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Tokyo Medical University (approval number [T2020-0352]). All procedures involving human participants were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the Institutional Research Committee and the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki. Patient confidentiality was strictly maintained in accordance with institutional policies and applicable privacy regulations.

: The requirement for written informed consent was waived by the Research Ethics Committee of Tokyo Medical University because of the retrospective study design (approval number [T2020-0352]).

: Not applicable.

: This retrospective study was not registered as a clinical trial.

: Not applicable.