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Authors
Cui, Zhengqi
Ning, Chao
Ma, Junling
Zhang, Lulu
Liu, Xueou
Kong, Li
Chang, Ying
Ding, Fangrui https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2206-6548
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Tianjin Municipal Health Commission (TJWJ2025XK009)
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Article History
Received: 18 August 2025
Revised: 3 September 2025
Accepted: 12 September 2025
First Online: 8 October 2025
Declarations
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: The present study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Tianjin Central Hospital of Gynecology and Obstetrics (Approval Number: 2020KY049, 2024KY066). All research activities adhered strictly to the guidelines outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Prior to their children’s participation in the study, written informed consent was obtained from all parents or legal guardians.
: The authors declare no competing interests.
