Vendrig, Lisanne M. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7871-7018
Ke, Juntao https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2948-9359
Tanck, Michael W. T. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9828-4459
Lim, Tze Y. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2643-9065
Martinelli, Elena https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3983-1116
Bodria, Monica
Capone, Valentina
Izzi, Claudia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6253-3185
La Scola, Claudio https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2644-7447
Maggiore, Umberto https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7468-9600
Marzuillo, Pierluigi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4682-0170
Masnata, Giuseppe https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5136-3563
Mentch, Frank D. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4889-6961
Montini, Giovanni https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7350-4475
Pisani, Isabella https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7770-2647
Qu, Huiqi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9317-4488
Sampson, Matthew G. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9560-076X
Simões-e-Silva, Ana Cristina https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9222-3882
Thomas, Alexandria
Groothoff, Jaap W. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8467-3506
Hakonarson, Hakon https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2814-7461
Ghiggeri, Gian Marco https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3659-9062
Verbitsky, Miguel https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7066-0552
Levtchenko, Elena N. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8352-7312
Sanna-Cherchi, Simone https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6185-948X
Westland, Rik https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4960-4078
Funding for this research was provided by:
PNRC-ESPN joint research grant
Nierstichting (20OC002)
Nierstichting (24OK1076)
Nierstichting (24OM+012)
U.S. Department of Defense (W81XWH-22-1-0966)
National Institute of Nursing Research (RC2-DK122397)
European Research Council (CoG-101045467)
Article History
Received: 4 September 2025
Revised: 30 October 2025
Accepted: 11 December 2025
First Online: 14 January 2026
Declarations
:
: Written informed consent was obtained from all participating individuals and/or their legal caregivers at study inclusion at Columbia University Irving Medical Center and collaborating institutions in accordance with the Columbia University Institutional Review Board (Protocol AAAC7385) and the Declaration of Helsinki.
: The exome sequencing data extracted from the Columbia University Genetic Studies of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) (Accession: phs001828.v1.p1, ), is deposited in dbGaP. The DNA array data for the Genetics of Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract (Accession: phs001749.v2.p1, ), is deposited in dbGap— .
: The authors have no competing interests. RW is a board-member of the Working group on CAKUT, urinary tract infection and bladder dysfunction of the European Society of Pediatric Nephrology (ESPN). RW and ENL are members of the European Reference Network for Rare Kidney Diseases (ERKNet). RW, LMV and ENL are members of the NL research consortium Kidnie, which is supported by the Dutch Kidney Foundation.