Document is current
Any future updates will be listed below
-
Authors
Barrow, Amadou https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6006-9355
Bittaye, Mustapha
Bittaye, Sheikh Omar
Oguche, Sunday Musa
- License Information
-
More Information
Article History
Received: 31 October 2025
Revised: 16 December 2025
Accepted: 2 January 2026
First Online: 24 January 2026
Declarations
:
: This secondary analysis was conducted under the ethical approvals obtained for the original case-cohort study: WHO African Regional Office Ethics Review Committee (Protocol ID: AFR/ERC/2022/12.4) and the University of The Gambia Ethics Committee (UTGEC 01.12.22). This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki guidelines.
: Written and verbal informed consent was obtained from all survey respondents before data collection. Additionally, this study involved a secondary analysis of the original available data.
: No consent to publish was required for this study, as we did not use any details, images, or videos related to individual participants. Additionally, the data used were available in the public domain.
: The authors declare no conflicts of interest regarding the conduct of this study.
