Document is current

Article History

Received: 30 June 2025

Revised: 9 March 2026

Accepted: 20 March 2026

First Online: 23 April 2026

Declarations

: FEH, TBH, and NMT report a pending patent in relation to the measurement of anti-nephrin antibodies. FEH reports honoraria from Novartis. TBH reports consultancy agreements with Alexion, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Beren Therapeutics, Boehringer-Ingelheim, DaVita, Euroimmun, Fresenius Medical Care, Nipoka, Novartis, Otsuka, Pfizer, ProKidney, Protalix, Renovate, Sanofi, Travere, Vera Therapeutics, Vifor, and Vivoryon therapeutics; and research funding from Amicus Therapeutics, Fresenius Medical Care, and Euroimmun. TBH is Co-founder of Global Immune GmbH and holds the patents EP23154267.1, EP23154266.3, EP2015/066881 and 3/2024 PAT 1878 LU. NMT reports consulting fees from Merida Bioscience and honoraria from CSL Vifor, Novartis, and AstraZeneca. JO reports consulting fees from Boehringer Ingelheim, Novartis, Alexion, Pfizer, SOBI, and Fresenius. This work was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft as part of the collaborative research center 1192 (to FH, AKM, TBH, and NMT), the CRC 1648 (TBH), the TRR422 (TBH, AKM, NMT), and CRC1453 (TBH), by the BMBF (STOP-FSGS-01GM2202A to TBH), by the Else Kröner Fresenius Foundation (Clinician Scientist Program iPRIME and Memorial Fellowship to FH and a Clinician Scientist Professorship to NMT), by the Else Kröner Fresenius Foundation and the Eva Luise und Horst Köhler Foundation (Clinician-Scientist-Program RECORD to FEH), and by the European Research Council (CureFSGS to TBH and AUTO-TARGET to NMT).