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Size-dependent mortality of Khingan fir tree in old-growth forests: a spatial point pattern analysis

Published Online: 2025-09-26

Published Print: 2025-10

Authors

Li, Le

Shi, Yanli

Qi, Fenghui

Jing, Tian-Zhong https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3604-7711
Funding

Funding for this research was provided by:

Heilongjiang Mudanfeng National Nature Reserve Resources and Ecological Environment Monitoring (2021)
License Information

Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-09-26

Version of Record valid from 2025-09-26
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Article History

Received: 24 April 2025

Accepted: 29 August 2025

First Online: 26 September 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors declared no conflict of interest.

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