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Authors
Makoto, Kobayashi
Su, Zumo
Nakamura, Masahiro
Han, Areum
Takagi, Kentaro
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (24K01791)
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (21H05316)
Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (23K23643)
National Institute of Ecology (NIE-B-2025-02)
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Article History
Received: 24 March 2025
Accepted: 7 January 2026
First Online: 28 January 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no conflict of interests related with this project.
: Ethics approval was not required for this study according to the rule of experimental forest of Hokkaido University.
