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Authors
Martínez, E. N.
Castillo, C.
Avendaño-Reyes, L.
Hernández, J. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2588-0089
Benedito, J. L.
Rico, A.
Garcia, P.
Muiño, R.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
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Article History
Received: 12 December 2024
Revised: 28 May 2025
Accepted: 8 June 2025
First Online: 22 July 2025
Declarations
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: All standards for animal handling and care were strictly followed, as indicated in the Spanish Regulations (RD 53/2013), legal provision number 1337, and the European regulation of animals for scientific purposes (Council of Europe, Directive 2010/63/EU). This study is also authorized by the Bioethics Committee of the University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain, according to the relevant Spanish Regulations.
: No conflicts of interest or competing interests are declared.
: Future studies should consider evaluating the modified double-ovsynch protocol in different climatic regions and under varying management conditions to assess its generalizability. Additionally, further research should focus on the underlying physiological mechanisms linking THI, hormonal fluctuations, and reproductive outcomes, providing a deeper understanding of the interaction between heat stress and reproductive efficiency. Expanding the sample size and including different breeds could also enhance the applicability of the findings.
