Parker, Craig
Mahlasi, Craig
Govindasamy, Tamara
Radebe, Lebohang
Brink, Nicholas Brian
Jack, Christopher
Doumbia, Madina
Kouakou, Etienne
Chersich, Matthew
Cissé, Guéladio
Makhanya, Sibusisiwe
,
Bobola, Aakin
Tall, Abdoulaye
Ndikum, Achiri
Aishatu, Adaji
Vanga, Adja Ferdinand
Chikandiwa, Admire
Waljee, Akbar
Beukes, Amy
Steynor, Anna
Joubert, Bonnie
Kone, Brama
Hewitson, Bruce
Mwangi, Cathy
Dumbura, Cherlynn
Gao, Chuansi
Lakhoo, Darshnika
Thaldar, Donrich Willem
Mitchell, Duncan
Donnelly, Dusty-Lee
Frederick, Elizabeth
Vos, Etienne
Baloyi, Gciniwe Dlamini
Marmelstein, Gillian
Dely, Iba Dieudonné
Solarin, Ijeoma
Maliha, Ilias
Maguma, Jasper
Tsvaki, Jetina
Zhu, Ji
Sall, Khady
McAlpine, Kimberly
Quagraine, Kwesi
Mbano, Leon
Lois Harden, Lisa
Abdulrauf, Lukman
Brennan, Margaret
McAllister, Kimberly
Langa, Nontokozo
Emerence, Okoue
Adegun, Olumuyiwa
Ogendi, Paul
Marsh, Peter
Munyi, Peter
Kloppers, Pierre
Wolski, Piotr
Satekge, Reneilwe
Duffett, Rodger
Sibanda, Rutendo
Forget, Ruvimbo
Omar, Sabina
Luchters, Stanley
Makanga, Tatenda
Funding for this research was provided by:
University of the Witwatersrand
Article History
Received: 18 December 2024
Revised: 20 March 2025
Accepted: 13 June 2025
First Online: 2 July 2025
Change Date: 28 August 2025
Change Type: Correction
Change Details: A Correction to this paper has been published:
Change Details: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-025-02988-3
Declarations
:
: This research was conducted with approval from the Wits Human Research Ethics Committee in Johannesburg (reference number 200606). The study is based on secondary data analysis of publicly available datasets and followed the United States Department of Health and Human Services regulations for protecting human research subjects (45 CFR 46). All data were anonymous and received as aggregated statistics over small areas and were processed in accordance with ethical research principles.
: Not applicable-this study used secondary data analysis of publicly available datasets and did not involve direct human participants.
: Not applicable-this manuscript does not contain any individual person's data in any form.
: Financial interests: Authors affiliated with Wits Planetary Health Research (Craig Parker, Lebohang Radebe, Nicholas Brian Brink, Matthew Chersich) hold indirect investments in the fossil fuel industry through their institutional pension funds. Additionally, their institution, the University of the Witwatersrand, invests in the fossil fuel industry through endowments and other financial reserves.Non-financial interests: The authors declare they have no non-financial competing interests.