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Integrated optimization of cooling performance, perceived experience, and accessibility of urban parks under extreme heat events: a case study of Central Shijiazhuang, China

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-025-03031-1

Published Online: 2025-11-13

Published Print: 2025-12

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Li, Wenru

Wu, Tianji

Xuan, Le

Weng, Ruiyao

Zhu, Keke

Gu, Haozhuo

Yan, Zhaoyang

Wang, Xuhui https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2259-3850
Chen, Siwei
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-11-13

Version of Record valid from 2025-11-13
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Article History

Received: 29 April 2025

Revised: 23 July 2025

Accepted: 28 August 2025

First Online: 13 November 2025

Declarations

:

: This study did not involve any human participants, animal experiments, or identifiable personal data. All online review data used in this study were publicly available. Ethical approval was therefore not required.

: The authors declare no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the content of this article.

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