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Authors
Zhang, Jiatao
Xiao, Yang
Wang, Yongchao
Cui, Liangliang
Ji, Xiaokang
Zhang, Fengmei
Wang, Zhiping
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (81773386)
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Article History
Received: 3 April 2025
Revised: 4 December 2025
Accepted: 7 January 2026
First Online: 17 February 2026
Declarations
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: The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Preventive Medicine of Shandong University (approved number: 20170315). Each mother has informed of the purpose and content of the study, and then they signed an informed consent form.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
