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Authors
Zhang, Jiatao
Bai, Shuoxin
Lin, Shaoqian
Wu, Yanling
Wang, Fangyi
Liang, Yuxiu
Wang, Zhiping
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81773386)
Foundation of Jinan Municipal Health Commission Big Data Technology Program (No. 2022-BD-05)
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Article History
Received: 3 April 2025
Revised: 19 January 2026
Accepted: 23 January 2026
First Online: 17 February 2026
Declarations
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: The study was approved by the Preventive Medicine Ethics Committee of Shandong University (approval number: 20170315). Each mother has informed of the purpose and content of the study, and then they signed an informed consent form.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
